Osteoporosis — Bone Turnover Markers

Category: Bone & Fracture Healing

Journal: Lasers in Medical Science (2017)

Key finding

Increased OPG/RANKL ratio, reduced bone resorption markers (CTX), and increased osteocalcin in postmenopausal women.

Protocol

• Wavelength: 780 nm
• Irradiance: 20 mW/cm²
• Dose: 8 J/cm²
• Duration: 3×/week × 16 weeks (femur)

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